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FORUM FORUM Philippine boundary in the Sulawesi Conclusion Jalila Abdul Jalil is a Senior Sea, during MIMA’s talk on the EEZ Researcher with the Centre boundary between Malaysia and The The issues concerning both Indonesia for the Straits of Malacca, Philippines, Dr. Vivian L. Forbes and Singapore maritime boundaries Maritime Institute of Malaysia (MIMA) and previously served mentioned that terminal point 1 delimitation in the eastern part of the with the Ministry of Foreign between Indonesia and The Philip- Straits of Singapore as well as Indone- Affairs, Malaysia. She graduated with an LL.B pines is located within Malaysia’s sia and The Philippines in the Sulawesi (Hons) Bachelor of Laws from the University of continental shelf boundary. Perhaps Sea need to studied by Malaysia to Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom and is an alumni of the Rhodes Oceans Scholar in Law Malaysia could study the coordinates help resolve the boundaries within this of the Sea, Rhodes Academy of Oceans Law and analyse whether any of the coor- area. In resolving the boundaries, and Policy. She is also a Member of the dinates are located within Malaysia’s issues such as enforcement of regula- Honorable Society of the Middle Temple, Inns boundaries (1979 Map). If it is, Malay- tions, fisheries, security and naviga- of Court, London. Her research interests include law of the sea, maritime boundaries sia should register its protest regard- tion will become much clearer and issues and legal matters pertaining to Interna- ing those coordinates. more effective. tional Maritime Organisation Conventions. Positioning Halal Industry as the New Catalyst for Malaysia’s Economic Impact on Foreign Countries Contributed by Ahmad Badri Abdullah Halal is an Islamic legal classification, By referring to repeated wars and Muslims minorities in European coun- which generally denotes the type of economic crises in the 1990s and tries as well as the other part of the options permissible to Muslims. Pre- 2000s, it is evident now that neither globe. The post-liberal aggregate viously it was used to describe meat the liberalism nor neo-liberal ideology does not imply that the edifice of products, which have been prepared has led to a sustained economic reco- modern nation-state totally disap- with specific guidelines. However, very or favoured democratic consoli- pears. However, it somehow ceases to current developments exhibit halal dation. Instead, both the economy and adequately represent itself. This may industry in a much broader scope as it democracy have undergone a period well be due to the attempt taken by encompasses a wide range of com- of unprecedented volatility that culmi- certain parts of the state to participate modities that contain animal bypro- nated in the global crash of 2008 and in the broader social clusters. These ducts including cosmetics and 2009. Amid the current decline of glo- clusters might involve trade unions, pharmaceuticals. bal financial institutions, a distinctly local business companies, transna- post-liberal politics is coming to the tional companies, non-governmental Recent developments have lent cla- fore. Adrian Pabst elucidates that po- organisations, or international go- rity on the rapid growth of halal indus- litically, post-liberalism advocates plu- vernments. This very process is try as a mainstream phenomenon ralising the state by finding the ba- currently visible within ambit of the attracting diverse range of religious lance within the network of relations international halal market. groups and commercial organisations. between government, parliament, It is currently valued around USD 2.3 courts and civil societies as well as by Nevertheless, post-liberalism feeds trillion. Scholars have suggested that delegating power to regional, local, transnationalism by providing new these developments have created a communal levels as well as wider glo- form of ‘hegemony’ within the transna- good opportunity for Malaysia to work bal institutions. Economically, it pro- tional sphere so as to offer solutions on a ‘post-liberal halal strategy’ by claims for the opening of markets that for the long-standing crises in the targeting the segments of economy shifts the emphasis from short-term global society. and society in selected locations profits and pure price competition to- world-wide where Muslims are the wards longer-term, sustainable profit- In recent decades, Malaysia has been minority or a narrow majority popula- ability and quality-based competition adopting a double-edge economic tion. The failure of some modern in pursuit of a wider social benefits. strategy to posit itself at the focal point nation states to cater for the demands in the international halal economy; i) to from the outsider groups within their John Lever explicates the emerging develop the country as a global halal communities has given rise to the force of post-liberalism as a response hub through the expansion of the transnational form of governance, to the crisis of multiculturalism at the state-led certification apparatus, and whereby Malaysia as a leading country heart of globalisation has given the ii) the involvement in the process of in halal industry could play significant best opportunity to Malaysia to map developing the global halal standard role in developing a new global force in out its own ‘post-liberal halal econo- for the 57 countries within the Organi- the pursuit of gaining socio-economic mic strategy’ by appealing to the sation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). benefits. challenges and experiences of the For Lever, the former step is more DIPLOMATIC VOICE 9